New Phytol. With a pitcher capable of holding 3. Pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes trap invertebrate prey in pitchers formed from modified leaf tips. e. The pitcher plant genus Nepenthes comprises approximately 120 species, with the centre of diversity lying in the perhumid tropics of Southeast Asia. Carnivorous plants generally stick to a diet of bugs that they ensnare. f. Its urn-shaped traps grow to 41 centimeters tall and can hold 3. See moreEditor, Earth News. Sarracenia plants available for sale. Ann Entomol Soc Am. and N. , N. New. Giant meat-eating plants prefer to eat tree shrew poo. 1469. rajah and N. Insects and other small prey are drawn to sticky droplets that resemble nectar or dewdrops when adhesive traps are used. 1737),. Scientists have discovered vertebrates and small mammals in their digestive fluid as well as the animal’s feces inside tall urn-shaped traps. Frequently cited as bearing the largest pitchers is the giant montane pitcher ( Nepenthes rajah) of Malaysian Borneo whose pitchers can contain as much as 3. Its urn-shaped traps grow up to 41 centimetres tall with a pitcher capable of holding 3. Carnivorous pitcher plants have recently emerged as a model system for studying the evolution of functional traits in plant morphology in an ecological context. The New Phytologist, advance online publication. They have been known to consume animals as large as frogs, birds and even rats. 2003. . macrophylla, produce modified pitchers that 'capture' tree shrew faeces for nutritional benefit. New Phytol 2010; 186: 461 - 470 , , [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar] Anderson B. These plants have consumed frogs, birds, and even rats. The carnivorous pitcher plant genus Nepenthes grows in nutrient-deficient substrates and produce jug-shaped leaf organs (pitchers) that trap arthropods as a source of N and P. QxdSci New National Herbarium Nederland, Leiden: 15, 1–164 Guinea 17:7–54 Chin L, Moran JA, Clarke CM (2010) Trap geometry in three giant Jebb M, Cheek M (1997) A skeletal revision of Nepenthes montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree (Nepenthaceae). L. In terms of trapping volume, the largest carnivorous traps belong to various species in the giant tropical pitcher plant genus of Nepenthes. 2010; 186:. Credit: Oxford Scientific/Andia. , N. Host communities are sometimes stocked with symbiotic bacteria that aid in the breakdown of their catch. hardwickii and the pitcher plants is probably very young as the diversity of Nepenthes derives from a recent adaptive radiation after the last glacial period (Clarke,. The world’s largest carnivorous plant species is the giant montane pitcher plant (Nepenthes rajah. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant. 5 litres of water. rafflesiana, indicating either higher water use efficiency (due to water stress) or greater photosynthetic capacity, and the carbon stable isotope abundance in both species was investigated. rajah, N. New Phytologist 186 : 461 – 470 . Clarke, CM, Moran JA, Chin, L, 2010. The elongated pitcher in N. macrophylla (Marabini) Jebb & Cheek, are engaged in an extraordinary mutualistic association with mountain treeshrews (Tupaia montana Thomas (Scandentia)), in which the treeshrews defecate into the Nepenthes’ pitchers whileChin L, Moran JA, Clarke C. P. Here we describe a new trapping mechanism for Nepenthes gracilis which has evolved a unique, semi-slippery wax crystal surface on the underside of the. All Times Pacific. New Phytol, 186(2):461-470, 22 Jan 2010 Cited by: 33 articles | PMID: 20100203. Western Australian pitcher plant, (Cephalotus follicularis), carnivorous plant, native to damp sandy or swampy terrain in southwestern Australia, the only species in the flowering plant family Cephalotaceae (order Oxalidales). A unique resource mutualism between the giant Bornean pitcher plant, Nepenthes rajah, and members of a small mammal community. and N. T rap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant. Carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes have evolved a striking diversity of pitcher traps that rely on specialized slippery surfaces for prey captu. Giant montane pitcher plants, such as Nepenthes rajah, are the largest carnivorous plants on the planet. A NEW SPECIES OF GIANT PITCHER PLANT FROM THE PHILIPPINES STEWART MCPHERSON • Dorset, Poole • UK •. 3. Catopsis berteroniana is one of only two known carnivorous bromeliads. 03166. To evaluate the value of this mutualism, we conducted a series of field and glasshouse. Endemic to Borneo, the giant montane pitcher plant (Nepenthes rajah) is the largest carnivorous plant in the world. At first view, carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus. New Phytologist 186:461–470. A. ampullaria took up nitrogen from leaf litter and Clarke C. , J. The world’s largest carnivorous plant species is the giant montane pitcher plant (Nepenthes rajah). Sanders R. Place your pitcher plant in direct light. A. , N. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size Lijin Chin1, Jonathan A. The pitcher lid shows interspecific variation, but is believed to have an attractive function and, in some species, to prevent dilution of the digestive. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size Lijin Chin1, Jonathan A. Carnivorous plants were described in a 400-page monograph. In Borneo’s tropical forests, a large, carnivorous pitcher plant, Nepenthes rajah, and a small mammal called a treeshrew have a great relationship. Frequently cited as bearing the largest pitchers is the giant montane pitcher ( Nepenthes rajah) of Malaysian Borneo whose pitchers can contain as much as 3. On closer investigation, however, many of the plants reveal ways they can gain nutrition without preying on animals. in three giant montane pitcher plant species from 13 Kerth, G. . three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo, Nepenthes lowii Hook. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant. f. 36. 6 ± 0. C. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-reviewTrap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size. 2010; 186:461–470. The Giant Montane Pitcher plant, Nepenthes rajah, is the largest meat-eating plant in the world. Botanists have discovered that the giant montane pitcher plant of Borneo has a pitcher the exact same size as a tree shrew's body. 1995. I guess you're referring to the Giant Montane Pitcher plant, in which case, it's latin name is Nepenthes lowii. Notably, three giant montane species are en. rajah Hook. pone. Carnivorous plants reverse the order we expect in nature: here, animals do not feed on plants, but plants hunt and feed on animal prey, primarily insects, thereby enabling these plants to survive in nutrient-poor environments. 4. macrophylla, produce modified pitchers that 'capture' tree shrew faeces for nutritional benefit, and the hypothesis that pitcher geometry in these species is related to tree shrew body size is tested by comparing the pitcher characteristics with those of five other 'typical' Nepenthe species. New Phytol. 5 litres of water. f. Nepenthes is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with 120 species described thus far. lowii, N. , N. These plants can reach heights of up to 16. The total number of these plants on record is 630. A carnivorous plant is a flowering plant that consumes and kills animals in order to obtain nutrition. and N. It is best grown in a terrarium or greenhouse, with temperatures between 65-85°F (18-29°C). 2010; 186: 461–470. macrophylla (Marabini) Jebb & Cheek, are engaged in an extraordinary mutualistic association with mountain treeshrews (Tupaia montana Thomas (Scandentia)), in which the treeshrews defecate into. rajah and N. The official probable pitchers page of San Francisco. The giant montane pitcher plant is endemic to the northeastern Malaysian state of Sarawak. 5 out of 5 stars. rajah) of Malaysian Borneo in particular has pitchers that can contain as much as 3. Some species provide a haven for symbiotic bacteria that they must break down in order to catch prey. The flagship species of the Mindanao Montane Rainforests ecoregion is the giant Philippine eagle. *Three Bornean pitcher plant species, Nepenthes lowii, N. The iron-shaped traps on this plant can grow to be up to 16. New Phytologist 186, 461-470. The foliage of Nepenthes cabanae is 26 to 34 cm long and 3. Pitcher plants are dioecious, meaning that male and female flowers grow on separate plants (5), and only begin to flower once the upper pitchers are produced (4). Nepenthes attenboroughii , or Attenborough's pitcher plant, is a montane species of carnivorous pitcher plant of the genus Nepenthes. Nepenthes rafflesiana was found to trap a broader prey spectrum than that previously described for any Nepenthes species, with the upper pitchers attracting and trapping a greater quantity and diversity of prey items than the lower pitchers. Three Bornean pitcher plant species, Nepenthes lowii, N. Scientists have observed vertebrates and small mammals in their digestive fluid. View ArticleThe carnivorous plants from the genus Nepenthes (L. Nepenthes is the largest genus of pitcher plants, with its center of diversity in SE Asia. rajah Hook. Unlike most other pitcher plants, it bears “traditional” leaves in addition to those that are modified as pitfall traps for insects and other small prey. The giant montane pitcher plant (Nepenthes rajah) is often considered to be the very biggest of the bunch, with one record-breaking specimen measuring up to 41 centimeters (16 inches) tall, enough. , 186 (2011), pp. The distance between the lower rim of the peristome and the pitcher fluid was 151. Its urn-shaped traps can grow to be 41 centimeters tall and can hold 3. macrophylla, produce modified pitchers that 'capture' tree shrew faeces for nutritional benefit. 3 meters of water. Insects and other small prey are drawn to sticky droplets that resemble nectar or dewdrops when adhesive traps are used. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a. September 14, 2022 by Normandi Valdez. And it is not only due to the fact that new and often bizarre species of the genus are being discovered every year in remote highlands (N. Clarke, Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size. 3 ounces) or 2. 5 litres of water. Malaysia is the center of biodiversity for the Nepenthes genera, and there are different varieties growing on different mountains. Its traps can reach 41 cm in height and hold 3. 2009. At first view, carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes seem to be highly unlikely candidates for mutualistic interactions with animals, as they form dimorphic terrestrial and aerial pitchers that trap arthropods and small vertebrates. Scanning electron micrograph of a pitcher's inner surface Pitcher plants growing in a bog in Pennsylvania. 2010; 186:461–470. Nepenthes of Borneo. Chin L, Moran JA, Clarke C. Botanists have discovered. Greenwood M, Clarke C, Lee CC, Gunsalam A, Clarke RH. The leaves of these plants often have a pitcher-like shape that makes it easy for prey to fall in and become trapped. and N. New Phytologist 186:461–470. In particular, the giant montane pitcher of Malaysian Borneo has pitchers that can hold up to 3. Nepenthes ephippiata (/ n ɪ ˈ p ɛ n θ iː z ɛ ˌ f ɪ p i ˈ ɑː t ə /; from Latin: ephippium "saddle cloth"), or the saddle-leaved pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. Swimming ants and pitcher plants: a unique ant-plant interaction from Borneo. Carnivorous plants are truly fascinating. Our inventory of pitcher plants features a wide variety of sizes, shapes, and colors. Nepenthes macrophylla / nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌmækroʊˈfɪlə /, the large-leaved pitcher-plant, [4] is a tropical pitcher plant known only from a very restrictive elevation on Mount Trusmadi in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. An enigmatic feature of tropical pitcher plants belonging to the genus Nepenthes is their dimorphic prey-capturing pitfall traps. The giant montane pitcher plant, Nepenthes rajah, is endemic to Borneo’s mountains. Nepenthes attenboroughii (/ n ɪ ˈ p ɛ n θ iː z ˌ æ t ən ˈ b ʌr i aɪ,-ˌ æ t ən b ə ˈ r oʊ ɡ i aɪ /), or Attenborough's pitcher plant, is a montane species of carnivorous pitcher plant of the genus Nepenthes. 0021114 Corpus ID: 17784911; A Unique Resource Mutualism between the Giant Bornean Pitcher Plant, Nepenthes rajah, and Members of a Small Mammal CommunitySearch life-sciences literature (41,555,377 articles, preprints and more) Search. 2001. M. , 2011; Greenwood et al. rajah and N. The Pitcher Plant Trail is a 1-mile loop with options to extend your hike by going north or south on the Turkey Creek Trail. The carnivorous syndrome in Nepenthes pitcher plants: current state of knowledge and potential future directions. Pitcher plants are several different. 4 feet) and can be kept in pitchers that can hold up to 3. 8 inches) in diameter. Pitcher Plant Eats Shrew Poo The Giant Montane Pitcher plant, Nepenthes rajah, is the largest meat-eating plant in the world. 1. In many species, the conspicuously shaped upper and lower pitchers grow from a swollen leaf tendril tip until finally opening as insect-alluring devices. It is named after the celebrated broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough, who is a keen enthusiast of the genus. But it. 5" Pot caseyausman. 2008 Causes and consequences of Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size. Nepenthes of Borneo. Nepenthes pitchers. x) BBC News: “ Bats in Borneo Roost in Carnivorous Pitcher Plants ”. org forums. Abstract. …genus includes the critically endangered Attenborough’s pitcher plant (N. Further, the newly discovered mutualism between R. A number of Bornean Nepenthes demonstrate novel nutrient acquisition strategies. Ernst HAECKEL Nepenthes Pitcher Plant Plate 62 Colorful Antique Illustration 11x14 Vintage Botanical Wall Art Print Large Wall Decor LP0101 (1k) $ 14. This species is perhaps the most unusual in the genus, being characterised by its strongly constricted upper pitchers, which bear a greatly reduced peristome and a. f. There are adhesive traps that actively curl their sticky tentacles around victims in order to make them difficult to reach. C LARKE, C. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size Lijin Chin1, Jonathan A. Many plant species use visual signals to attract animals for purposes such as pollination and seed dispersal. across (5 cm), rise singly atop leafless stalks where they bend over to some degree. Kitching. Carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes have gained considerable attention during last few years. Clarke, C. The giant montane pitcher plant is the world’s largest carnivorous plant, growing to a height of 41 centimetres and a capacity for holding 3. The genus includes about 170 species , [4] and numerous natural and many cultivated hybrids. An enigmatic feature of tropical pitcher plants belonging to the genus Nepenthes is their dimorphic prey-capturing pitfall traps. baluensis scats inside pitchers, open. Carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes have evolved a striking diversity of pitcher traps that rely on specialized slippery surfaces for prey capture. Nepenthes pitcher plants are typically carnivorous,. Giant montane pitcher plants (Nepenthes rajah) are found throughout Asia, but the world’s largest carnivorous plant is found on Borneo. [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar] Clark EW. The pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant that traps and digest insects in. rajah represents only the second ever example of a multidirectional resource-based mutualism between a mammal and a carnivorous. The pitchers are composed of several functional zones: (1) an attraction zone with lid and peristome; (2) a conductive, waxy zone; and (3) an absorption zone with digestive. lowii, N. This plant has urn-shaped traps that can grow to 41 centimeters tall and a pitcher that can hold 3. Its urn-shaped traps grow to 41 centimeters tall and can hold 3. Three species of Nepenthes pitcher plants (Nepenthes rajah, Nepenthes lowii and Nepenthes macrophylla) specialize in harvesting nutrients from tree shrew excreta in their pitchers. , some non-faeces-trapping species also produce large pitchers); and (b) pitchers of the faeces-trapping species share a unique. Plant. Nepenthes rajah, also known as the giant montane pitcher plant, is native to Borneo and its traps grow 41 cm (16. The largest meat-eating plant in the world is designed not to eat small animals, but small animal poo. . Giant montane pitcher plants are one of the largest carnivorous plants in the world. Nepenthes (/ n ɪ ˈ p ɛ n θ iː z /) is a genus of carnivorous plants, also known as tropical pitcher plants, or monkey cups, in the monotypic family Nepenthaceae. Sticky mucilages entice prey into the traps, and the. Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size. / Chin, Lijin; Moran, Jonathan; Clarke, Charles. Nepenthes rajah is a(n) research topic. A: Honey-gland from attractive surface of lid. 5 litres (118. The largest carnivorous plant in the world is a giant montane pitcher plant (Nepenthes rajah), which is also known as a carnivorous plant. The species is characterised by its large and distinctive. In many species, the conspicuously shaped upper and lower pitchers grow from a swollen leaf tendril tip until finally opening as insect-alluring devices. rafflesiana, and the woolly bat Kerivoula hardwickii. The flowers produce large amounts of nectar during the early evening and night, which evaporates by morning. & Clarke, C. The pitchers are filled with a liquid that contains digestive enzymes. In some the liquid is viscoelastic. Lunate cells, which enable an important retention. New Phytol 186:461–470. Carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes have evolved a striking diversity of pitcher traps that rely on specialized slippery surfaces for prey capture. The Nepenthes rajah, also known as the giant montane pitcher plant, produces the largest pitchers of any known pitcher plant species. New Phytol. body size. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size. The plants attract and drown their prey with nectar. Tumbuhan karnivora. Chin L, Moran JA, Clarke C (2010) Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size. macrophylla, produce modified pitchers that 'capture' tree shrew faeces for nutritional benefit, and the hypothesis that pitcher geometry in these species is related to tree shrew body size is tested by comparing the pitcher characteristics with those of five other 'typical' Nepenthe species. Add to Favorites. Three Bornean pitcher plant species, Nepenthes lowii, N. A Venus Fly Trap Catches Prey. Creation and carnivory in the pitcher plants of Nepenthaceae and Sarraceniaceae. gracilis, N. The liquid is a juice that dissolves the body of the victim, but not all pitchers use the same liquid. Interesting facts about Table Tennis;. . Few have studied the ontogeny of these traps from an anatomical and. The pitcher lid shows interspecific variation, but is believed to have an attractive function and, in some species, to prevent dilution of the digestive. elongata provided bats ample room to roost. Sarracenia minor Okefenokee Giant Strain (Okefenokee Giant Pitcher Plant) This is the highly sought after form of Sarracenia. Load More. Chin, L. , Clarke C. Pitcher Plant Eats Shrew Poo (image via: discover magazine, wikimedia commons) The Giant Montane Pitcher plant, Nepenthes rajah, is the largest meat-eating plant in the world. xCarnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes have evolved a striking diversity of pitcher traps that rely on specialized slippery surfaces for prey capture. 2010; 186:461–470. There are around 80 types of pitcher plants found in the genus names Sarracenia, Nepenthes and Darlingtonia. The Nepenthes rajah, also known as the giant montane pitcher plant, produces the largest pitchers of any known pitcher plant species. Pitcher plants (Sarracenias) are wonderfully exotic plants with unique foliage, colorful flowers, and the ability to eat insects. Briggs Soil Microflora 2009 Rajan Kumar Gupta When we are standing on the ground, we are really standing on roof-top. (2010) C. The specific epithet rajah means "King" in Malay and this, coupled with the impressive size of its pitchers, has meant that N. When the tentacles of adhesive traps become weak, they will actively curl around them. New Phytol. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree. An enigmatic feature of tropical pitcher plants belonging to the genus Nepenthes is their dimorphic prey-capturing pitfall traps. For example, last year we reported on the giant montane pitcher plant, which had been rumored to swallow up animals as large as rat-sized tree shrews. rajah) is one of the most unusual and fascinating plants on the planet. , N. Pitcher plants are dioecious, meaning that male and female flowers grow on separate plants (5), and only begin to flower once the upper pitchers are produced (4). Giants Probable Pitchers. macrophylla (Marabini) Jebb & Cheek, are engaged in an extraordinary mutualistic association with mountain treeshrews (Tupaia montana Thomas (Scandentia)), in which the treeshrews defecate into the Nepenthes’ pitchers while Clarke et al. 5 litres of water, making it the world’s largest carnivorous plant. Completely different examples of alternative nutrient acquisition can be seen in three giant montane pitcher plants from Borneo (N. Each summer, there are many new pitchers to choose from, and a single plant may have up to ten pitchers. A. American pitcher plants are a group of cold-hardy US native perennials, with simple care needs and outstanding foliage. r. M. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size. 2010. Occasional Papers of the BSG No. 120 species) are carnivorous pitcher plants with a centre of diversity comprising the Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra and Sulawesi. The giant montane pitcher plant, Nepenthes rajah, is endemic to Borneo’s mountains. Borneo is conservatively estimated to contain 15,000 plant species – a diversity that rivals the African continent’s – and may well have the highest plant diversity of any region on Earth. 5 fl oz) of digestive fluid. rajah Hook. Using a digestive mutualism between a carnivorous pitcher plant (Nepenthes hemsleyana) and a bat (Kerivoula hardwickii) as a model, we tested the hypothesis that ecological outsourcing is a profitable strategy for the outsourcing partner. in New Phytologist ( 2010 ) , a ) aspects of pitcher morphology were found to be related to the anatomy of shrewsSarracenia purpurea, the purple pitcher plant, northern pitcher plant, turtle socks, or side-saddle flower, is a carnivorous plant in the family Sarraceniaceae. 14 reviews. Stoichiometry help- chemistry; An. f. Summary • Three Bornean pitcher plant species, Nepenthes lowii, N. 1. On closer investigation, however, many of the plants reveal ways they can gain nutrition without preying on animals. Special features of the pitcher traps’ surface are responsible for attraction and trapping insects. Pitcher Plant Eats Shrew Poo The Giant Montane Pitcher plant, Nepenthes rajah, is the largest meat-eating plant in the world. Moran2 and Charles Clarke1 School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; 2School of Environment and Nepenthes lowii is a pitcher plant, a group of carnivorous plants, that is found in Malaysian Borneo. 1111/j. Nepenthes Miranda, Giant Carnivorous Pitcher Plant, Shipped in 2. 5 litres of water. albomarginata showed higher δ13C values and a lower estimated intercellular partial pressure of CO2(Ci) than N. Tree shrews (Tupaia. 3 fl oz) of water or 2. Search life-sciences literature (Over 39 million articles, preprints and more)North American pitcher plants can grow up to 2. Setting the Temperature and Humidity. The world’s largest carnivorous plant, the giant montane pitcher plant, Nepenthes rajah, is a gigantic pitcher plant. Sarracenia purpurea, St-Narcisse, Quebec, Canada. Tweet. , Moran, J. This plant genus exhibits considerable interspecific diversity in. [1] Clarke has an honours degree in Botany from Monash University in Melbourne, and a Ph. It can trap small mammals such. Nepenthes (/ n ɪ ˈ p ɛ n θ iː z /) is a genus of carnivorous plants, also known as tropical pitcher plants, or monkey cups, in the monotypic family Nepenthaceae. The value of ecological information in distinguishing between controversial montane Bornean taxa is demonstrated and a revised protocol for the collection and preparation of Nepenthes specimens is provided, designed to maximise the amount of ecologicalInformation retained in herbarium material. , Sarracenia minor Walt. , Wood T. These plants are found in wet, boggy areas and have leaves that are shaped like pitchers. doi:. 4 ± 37. Chuột chù núi (danh pháp hai phần: Tupaia montana) là một loài động vật thuộc họ Tupaiidae, bộ Scandentia. Summary. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size. These plants can reach heights of up to 16. It grows in lowland and montane forests, and is found in areas with high humidity and temperatures ranging. It is named after Hugh Low, who discovered it on Mount Kinabalu. The largest carnivorous plant species in the world is the giant montane pitcher plant (Nepenthes rajah). Chin L, Moran JA, Clarke C. Botanists have discovered that the giant montane pitcher plant of Borneo, which is the largest meat-eating plant in the world, prefers to eat small animal poo. lowii, N. Adhesive traps lure insects and other small prey with sticky, sweet droplets that resemble nectar or dewdrops. Another characteristic of montane forests are pitcher plants. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size Lijin Chin1, Jonathan A. 7–228. New Phytol. Three Bornean pitcher plant species, Nepenthes lowii, N. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size. 5. Completely different examples of alternative nutrient acquisition can be seen in three giant montane pitcher plants from Borneo (N. PubMed. Nepenthes of Borneo. A. They have been known to consume animals as large as frogs, birds and even rats. , C. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size Lijin Chin1, Jonathan A. The pitchers of Nepenthes rajah, a montane carnivorous plant species from Borneo, are. 5 litres. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size.